In this calendar year, 2025, the following countries will be holding parliamentary and presidential elections: Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Comoros; Egypt; Gabon; Ivory Coast; Malawi; Tanzania; Togo.
In most of these countries, there exist constitutional arrangements that require the people to commune periodically around an exercise that has been dubbed as elections, and most of them have adopted very well-written texts extolling the virtues inherent in a system that places its governing structures and personnel under the scrutiny of those governed by them.
