In Venezuela, women left 'mutilated' by butt lifts
A nurse gives a massage to Maria Sanchez to assist her recovery after the second biopolymer extraction operation, in Caracas, Venezuela on August 4, 2023. PHOTO | MAGDA GIBELLI | AFP
Maria Sanchez walks slowly through her house in the Venezuelan capital with two surgical drainage bags hanging from her waist -- the nightmare result of her search for the perfect derriere.
Almost a decade ago she underwent a backside-enhancing procedure, the kind that has soared in popularity as women crave a figure popularized by celebrities like Jennifer Lopez or Kim Kardashian.
"I was mutilated, but I had to assume the consequences," the 50-year-old tells AFP.
In 2006, she was injected with what is known as a biopolymer, a term commonly used to refer to naturally derived products, but which also encompasses synthetic fillers made from silicone or even paraffin.
Sanchez now has a scar running across her lower back as a painful reminder of the reconstruction surgery in which doctors managed to extract 90 percent of the filler.
The fillers, seen as a cheaper and less invasive alternative to fat grafting, are injected and expand inside the body.
Their use was banned in Venezuela in 2012 after years of massive commercialization in outpatient clinics but also in hair salons and even in doctors' offices.
Recognition of their toxicity is growing.
Neighbouring Colombia on Tuesday enacted a law imposing two- to 10-year jail terms on those who inject biopolymers in consumers as well as fines up to $70,000.
Growing numbers of people suffering chronic pain are seeking to have biopolymer removed from their bodies.
Last year, American rapper Cardi B admitted she had had polymer filler removed from her buttocks, warning young women against the procedure.
The presence of biopolymers triggers the immune system, which constantly fights them, causing fever, swelling and pain.
Over the course of two years, Sanchez was successively diagnosed with arthritis, rheumatism and lupus before reaching a diagnosis that the chemical was actually the cause of her ailments.
An acquaintance, a public hospital employee, referred her to plastic surgeon Juan Carlos Blanco, who has treated some 50 cases in the last five years, of which 20 ended in surgery, including Sanchez's.
Blanco told AFP that when he goes in to remove the filler he finds "little fat balls".
When he cauterizes them "they explode and what comes out is oil".
There are no official figures on the number of people suffering from biopolymer injection in Venezuela, although local media have documented deaths. AFP unsuccessfully requested statistics from the Ministry of Health.
Venezuela is famous for producing beauty queens sculpted by cosmetic doctors and has a deep-rooted culture of plastic surgery.
Sanchez says her "bad decision" to get the fillers was about conforming to a stereotype, "for not feeling somehow all right about my silhouette."
"But it was allowed. It wasn't that I was crazy."
She was unable to sit down for 20 days after her reconstruction surgery.
While buttock enhancement was the most popular biopolymer treatment, it has also been used to enhance breasts, calf muscles, or even for penis enlargement.
Surgical removal of the biopolymer has been performed for about five years, but before that the recommendation was not to touch the affected area.
Surgeons agree that it is impossible to remove 100 percent of the biopolymer, and whoever offers a different assessment is lying, Blanco says.
Extraction operations can cost up to $11,000.
That's what 39-year-old Susana will have to pay for her third attempt to remove the toxic filler she had injected in her buttocks 12 years ago.
Susana, who asked that her real name not be used because of the stigma attached to those who have opted for these treatments, lives in a shantytown in the hills of Caracas.
"I can't walk very far," she says. "I have to put my feet in hot water."
She began to suffer pain five years after the injections, after her second pregnancy, and made "the mistake" of having surgery in 2017 with a contraindicated technique similar to liposuction, which only made things worse and cost $3,000.
"I couldn't walk anymore," she recalls, and a doctor performed emergency surgery on her in 2019 -- for an additional $5,000.
She has scars on her upper and lower buttocks, bruised from the operations.
In the upcoming third operation, the specialist "is going to take out as much as she can."
The doctor warned Susana "not to hate her if she leaves me 'flat'" in the buttocks," she said. "I'm not going to hate her. I'm going to thank her very much."
