Tuareg festival revives dreams of tourism in troubled Niger

Tuareg dancer performs to the rhythm of tende

A Tuareg dancer performs to the rhythm of the tende, a drum made out of a mortar, in Iferouane on December 4, 2022 during the Festival de l'Aïr, a celebration of the culture of the semi-nomadic Tuareg people. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

Iferouane

Dishes of spit-roasted lamb were served and the sound of electric guitars echoed across the pink Saharan dunes towards the Air Mountains.

"It's like playing at home," said musician Oumara Moctar. 

The desert, he said, "is where we were born, where we grew up, and reminds us of where we come from."

One of the biggest cultural events in the Sahel region, the Aïr Festival returned last week, bringing the songs, dances and oral traditions of the nomadic Tuareg culture to an audience of thousands -- and a burst of hope for jihadist-scarred Niger.

The eagerly-awaited three-day party unfolded in Iferouane, an oasis sandwiched between desert and mountains 1,200 kilometres (750 miles) from the Nigerien capital Niamey.

Some 5,000 people, many of them local VIPs and a few foreigners, replaced the desert's usual calm with a ballet of 4x4s whipping up plumes of dust.

Tuareg women play the tende

Tuareg women play the tende in Iferouane on December 2, 2022 during the Festival de l'Aïr. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

Reclining on mats

After attending concerts and beauty pageants, festival-goers spent long hours reclining on mats where, in between rounds of tea, discussion ranged from the merits of Toyota pick-up trucks to barely-concealed regionalism. 

"Tuareg culture, in a nutshell," smiled young Iferouane resident Mohamed Bouhamid.

If not for the pervasive presence of troops to provide security, this scene could have taken place some two decades ago.

Tourists take photographs

Tourists take photographs on December 2, 2022 during a stop in Ticherzete, 90km from Iferouane, while on their way to the Festival de l'Aïr. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

European visitors

The festival, launched in 2001, last took place in 2020. In its prime, well-heeled European visitors beat a path to Niger and neighbouring Mali, and men who are now rebel chiefs worked as tourist guides.

An airline linked Paris directly to Agadez in Niger and to Gao and Kidal in Mali. For many years, the Paris-Dakar rally raced through the desert.

Memories of this halcyon time persist today, despite the two jihadist insurgencies that beset Niger, and its chronic poverty -- it is ranked the world's poorest country by the benchmark of the UN Human Development Index.

Niger special forces on guard

Niger special forces on guard in Iferouane during the Festival de l'Aïr on December 2, 2022. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

'Hysteria'

After six French citizens were killed just outside Niamey in 2020, France — previously the main source of tourists -- declared Niger a "red zone" and recommended travel there be avoided. 

For those wishing to visit the festival in Iferouane, the French authorities recommended postponement.

Deputy mayor Hamadi Yahaya denounced "these embassies" that "have sparked hysteria" despite the conflict being more than 1,000 kms away from Iferouane. 

Mayor El Gondj Ahmed, or "the Honourable" as he is called locally, repeatedly said "everything is secure here." 

In addition to the troops, dozens of Ishumars — a name given to former rebels — "have been deployed in the surrounding desert", said Rhissa Ag Boula, a rebel leader who now serves as an adviser to Nigerien President Mohamed Bazoum.

At nearby Chiriet, the Ishumars' trucks bearing recognisable white flags remained at a discreet distance. They flanked a rowdy race between some 80 drivers speeding through the sand.  

Rocco Rava, an Italian who manages a tour agency called Societe de Voyages Sahariens (SVS), had returned to the region for the first time in 15 years.

He grew up in the regional capital Agadez where he developed his tourism business before moving to neighbouring Chad when the "turbulence" began in Niger.  

Bambino, a local Nierien music star

Bambino, a local Nierien music star, performs on December 2, 2022 on the Chiriet dunes, north-east of Iferouane at the beginning of the Tenere portion of the Sahara Desert, during the Festival de l'Aïr. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

Tourism, machine guns

"There is a strong demand," he said, explaining he had come to Iferouane to check out the possibility of bringing tourists back. 

But the situation is paradoxical, he said: "If it's really secure, then tourists ask us why we need to have a military escort."

Niger requires all Westerners travelling to the desert to be accompanied by an armed escort, for which they must pay. 

"In what country in the world do you do tourism with a machine gun in front of you and another one behind you?" asked another tourism professional,who spoke on the condition of anonymity. 

People must accept that the "before" times are over, said the president of Iferouane's artisan collective, Kader Hamadede, who has been making jewellery for three decades. 

Tuareg camel riders perform

Tuareg camel riders perform to the rhythm of the tende drum in Iferouane on December 2, 2022 during the Festival de l'Aïr. PHOTO | SOULEYMANE AG ANARA | AFP

Involve the military

"The tourism we'll have from now on will always involve the military, and I don't know if tourists are interested in that."

Many local people were downbeat about prospects for a better life and some saw migration or working in the illegal gold mines dotting the Sahara as their only hope.

"There's nothing more to do here," said 22-year-old Mohamed Bouamid, who hopes to make his fortune with a four-month stint in the gold business.